In the field of acoustics, **free field**, **diffuse field**, and **pressure field** are three fundamental and critical acoustic environment models. They not only define the physical characteristics of sound wave propagation but also directly influence application scenarios such as acoustic measurement, material testing, and equipment calibration. Below is an introduction to the differences and applications of these acoustic fields from the perspectives of definition and typical application scenarios.
1. **Free Field**:
**Definition**: In simple terms, a free field refers to an environment where emitted sound propagates directly outward without any reflections. It is an ideal acoustic environment with only direct sound and no reflected sound. In a free field, sound can propagate freely in all directions without interference from any obstacles.
**Typical Application**: A full anechoic chamber is a classic example of an environment that simulates a free field:
- **Full Anechoic Chamber**: All six surfaces (ceiling, four walls, and floor) are lined with sound-absorbing materials (e.g., absorbing wedges) to create a completely free field environment. The floor is typically supported by an overhead steel mesh with sound-absorbing materials beneath to avoid reflected sound interference.
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